Aadaab-e-'Aqeeqah
'Allamah Majlisi rahmatullahi 'alayhi ne Hilyat-ul-Muttaqeen meiñ farmaaya hai ke nau-maulood ka 'aqeeqah har us shakhs par sunnat-e-mu'akkadah hai jo is ki qudrat rakhta ho.
Aur ba'z 'Ulama ise waajib jaante hain aur behtar yeh hai ke saatveñ din 'aqeeqah kiya jaaye aur agar is meiñ ta'kheer kare to buloogh tak baap par sunnat hai aur baaligh hone ke ba'd poori 'umr khud us par sunnat hai.
Aur bahut saari mo'tabar ahaadees meiñ waarid hu'a hai ke 'aqeeqah us shakhs par waajib hai jise awlaad naseeb ho aur doosri ahaadees meiñ hai ke har paida hone waala bachcha 'aqeeqah ka girwi hai ya'ni agar us ka 'aqeeqah na kiya jaaye to use marne ya balaa'oñ meiñ giraftaar hone ka khatrah rehta hai.
Aur Hazrat Imam Ja'far Sadiq 'alayhissalaam se manqool hai ke jo shakhs ghani ho us par 'aqeeqah karna laazim hai aur isi tarah faqeer ke liye bhi 'aqeeqah hai jab ke us ke imkaan meiñ ho aur agar mumkin na ho to us par kuch laazim nahiñ hai aur agar kisi ka 'aqeeqah na ho aur sirf qurbani kar de to bhi yeh qurbani 'aqeeqah ke liye kaafi hai.
Aur Hazrat 'alayhissalaam se sawaal kiya gaya ke ham ne 'aqeeqah ke liye jaanwar talaash kiya aur hameñ na mil saka to aap kya farmaate hain? Kya us ki qeemat ka sadqah nikaal deñ? Farmaaya ke jab tak na mile talaash karte raho.
Khuda-e-'Alam logoñ ko khaana khilaane aur zabeehah ko pasand karta hai.
Aur doosri hadees meiñ hai ke aap se sawaal kiya gaya ke jo bachcha saatveñ din mar jaaye us ka 'aqeeqah kiya jaaye ya nahiñ? Farmaaya ke agar zuhr se pehle mar jaaye to 'aqeeqah nahiñ hai aur agar ba'd-e-zuhr mare to 'aqeeqah kiya jaaye.
Aur mo'tabar hadees meiñ 'Umar bin Yazeed se manqool hai ke maiñ ne aap ki khidmat meiñ 'arz kiya ke mujhe nahiñ ma'loom ke mere waalid ne mera 'aqeeqah kiya tha ya nahiñ to aap ne farmaaya ke 'aqeeqah kar do. Chunanche unhoñ ne za'eefi meiñ apna 'aqeeqah kara diya.
Aur aap 'alayhissalaam hi se hasan hadees meiñ waarid hu'a hai ke saatveñ din bachche ka naam rakha jaaye aur 'aqeeqah kiya jaaye aur us ka sir muñdhaaya jaaye aur us ke sir ke baal ke baraabar chaandi sadqah ki jaaye aur jaanwar ke pair aur raan us daa'i ko jis ne us ki wilaadat meiñ madad ki hai de di jaaye aur baqiyyah logoñ ko khilaa diya jaaye aur sadqah de diya jaaye.
Aur doosri mo'assaq hadees meiñ farmaaya hai ke jab tumhaare yahaañ koi laṛka ya laṛki paida ho to saatveñ din koi bakra ya ooñṭh zibah kar ke 'aqeeqah karo aur saatveñ hi din us ka naam rakho aur sir taraasho aur us ke sir ke baaloñ ke baraabar chaandi ya sona sadqe meiñ do.
Aur doosri hadees meiñ hai ke bakre ka chauthaa'i hissah (1/4) daa'i ko de diya jaaye aur agar baghair daa'i ke paida hu'a hai to woh hissah maa'ñ ko de diya jaaye ke woh jise chaahe de sakti hai.
Aur kam se kam das Musalmaanoñ ko khilaaya jaaye aur agar ziyaadah ho to ziyaadah behtar hai aur khud 'aqeeqah ka gosht na khaaye aur agar daa'i Yahoodi ho to us ko gosht ke bajaaye bakre ki chauthaa'i qeemat de di jaaye.
Aur doosri riwaayat meiñ hai ke daa'i ko tihai hissah (1/3) diya jaaye aur 'Ulama ke darmiyaan yeh mash'hoor hai ke 'aqeeqah ka jaanwar ooñṭh ya bheṛ ya bakra hona chaahiye aur Hazrat Imam Muhammad Baqir 'alayhissalaam se manqool hai ke Hazrat Rasool-e-Khuda sallallahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam ne Janab-e-Husain 'alayhissalaam ke roz-e-wilaadat un ke kaan meiñ azaan kahi aur Janab-e-Faatimah salaamullahi 'alayhaa ne saatveñ din un ka 'aqeeqah kiya aur daa'i ko bakre ke paaye ek ashrafi ke saath diye.
Agar 'aqeeqah ka jaanwar ooñṭh hai to us ki 'umr paañch ya chheh saal aur agar bakra ho to ek ya do saal ka ho aur agar bheṛ (ghosfand) ho to kam az kam chheh ya saat maheene ka ho to behtar hai aur yeh bhi behtar hai ke woh khasi na ho aur isi tarah us ke seeñgh ya naak ṭooṭi hu'i na ho aur na hi kaan kaṭa hu'a ho aur na hi bahut laaghar wa kamzor ho. Na andha ho aur na hi itna lañgṛa ke raasta chalna mushkil ho.
Lekin mo'tabar hadees meiñ Imam Ja'far Sadiq 'alayhissalaam se riwaayat hai ke 'aqeeqah qurbani ki tarah nahiñ hai balkeh jaisa bhi ghosfand ho behtar hai. Is meiñ asl maqsad gosht hai aur jitna moṭa ho aur behtar hai.
Aur 'Ulama ke darmiyaan yeh mash'hoor hai ke sunnat hai ke laṛke ka jaanwar nar ho aur laṛki ka maadah ho lekin mu'allif-e-kitaab Shaykh Abbas Qummi rahmatullahi 'alayhi ka nazariya yeh hai ke donon ke liye nar behtar hai ke yeh bahut saari mo'tabar ahaadees ke muwaafiq hai.
Aur donon ke maadah ghosfand bhi saheeh hai aur sunnat hai ke maa'ñ baap 'aqeeqah ke jaanwar ka gosht na khaayeñ balkeh behtar yeh hai ke jis khaane meiñ woh gosht pakaa ho use hi na khaaye aur maa'ñ ke liye gosht khaane ki karaahiyat aur ziyaadah hai.
Aur yeh bhi behtar hai ke maa'ñ baap ke jo ahl-o-'ayaal ghar meiñ rehte hain woh bhi gosht aur khaana na khaayeñ.
Aur yeh sunnat hai ke us ko pakaaya jaaye aur kachcha sadqah na diya jaaye jis ki kam-tareen soorat yeh hai ke us ko namak ke paani meiñ pakaa leñ balkeh ek ihtimaal yeh hai ke yehi soorat behtar hai aur agar kachcha gosht hi taqseem kar de to bhi ṭheek hai.
Aur agar 'aqeeqah ka jaanwar na mil sake to qeemat sadqah dene se koi faa'idah nahiñ hai balkeh intizaar kiya jaaye taa-ke jaanwar mil jaaye aur yeh bhi shart nahiñ hai ke 'aqeeqah ka khaana khaane waale log faqeer hi hoñ lekin nek seerat sulahaa aur fuqaraa ka bulaana behtar hai.
Mu'allif-e-kitaab Shaykh Abbas Qummi rahmatullahi 'alayhi farmaate hain ke mash'hoor yeh hai ke 'aqeeqah ke jaanwar ki haḍḍiyaañ toṛna makrooh hai aur jo riwaayat meiñ hai ke:
Yeh karaamat ke munaafi nahiñ hai aur saahib-e-Jawaahir ne farmaaya hai ke ahl-e-'Iraaq ke darmiyaan jo yeh mash'hoor hai ke us ki haḍḍiyoñ ko safed kapṛe meiñ lai-peṭ kar dafan kar dena mustahab hai to maiñ ne is silsile meiñ koi riwaayat nahiñ dekhi hai. Wallahu A'lam.
